Xtra Explains

The 178 sources we used in Xtra Explains: Trans Youth

Dive into the citations and facts behind our new 10-part explainer series

By Hannah Mercanti, Mel Woods • October 17, 2024 9:01 am EDT

Credit: Mel Woods, Roberto Bonifacio

When it comes to trans youth, there is a lot of misinformation out there. That’s why we’ve launched Xtra Explains: Trans Youth, a 10-part video series breaking down some of the most misunderstood and misrepresented issues affecting their lives. 

A big part of the fight against misinformation is showing the facts that informed our work. The sources include peer-reviewed research, fact sheets and statements from professional medical associations, rigorous journalism and first-hand accounts. They also include the sources for some of the misinformation our video series debunks, including public statements and policies from politicians like Danielle Smith or Pierre Poilievre. 

Below, we’ve listed all 178 sources Xtra Explains: Trans Youth cites or refers to in order to not just demonstrate the scope of our work, so you’ll have access to even more factual information in your own fight against misinformation.

Bookmark this page for the next time your mom tells you she’s worried about “all those gender surgeries” kids are getting, or a friend says they’re “just asking questions” about fairness in sports, so you’ve got the actual facts to share.

Sources And Methodology

 

  1. “Puberty blockers for transgender and gender-diverse youth,” Mayo Clinic

    1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gender-dysphoria/in-depth/pubertal-blockers/art-20459075

  2. “How hormone blockers put puberty on pause,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/hormone-blockers-puberty-1.7113626

  3. “What Pierre Poilievre is getting wrong about puberty blockers,” Xtra

    1. https://xtramagazine.com/video/pierre-poilievre-puberty-blockers-262845

  4. What are puberty blockers, and how do they work?, Scientific American

    1. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-are-puberty-blockers-and-how-do-they-work/

  5. “Pierre Poilievre says he’s against puberty blockers for kids and accuses Justin Trudeau of putting children in harm’s way,” Toronto Star

    1. https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/pierre-poilievre-says-hes-against-puberty-blockers-for-kids-and-accuses-justin-trudeau-of-putting/article_7c627672-c5e1-11ee-b9c1-67521b99d831.html

  6. “What the science on gender-affirming care for transgender kids really shows,” Scientific American

    1. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-the-science-on-gender-affirming-care-for-transgender-kids-really-shows/

  7. “Are puberty blockers permanent? What you should know before treatment,” Healthline

    1. https://www.healthline.com/health/are-puberty-blockers-reversible

  8. Puberty Blockers, Trans Care BC

    1. https://www.transcarebc.ca/hormone-therapy/puberty-blockers

  9. “An affirming approach to caring for transgender and gender-diverse youth,” Canadian Paediatric Society

    1. https://cps.ca/en/documents/position/an-affirming-approach-to-caring-for-transgender-and-gender-diverse-youth

  10. “Dr. Tamara Hinz on barriers to transgender care: ‘It pushes more kids further into the closet,’” Canadian Medical Association

    1. https://www.cma.ca/latest-stories/dr-tamara-hinz-barriers-transgender-care-it-pushes-more-kids-further-closet

  11. “What Canadian doctors say about new U.K. review questioning puberty blockers for transgender youth,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/puberty-blockers-review-1.7172920#:~:text=Scoring%20the%20evidence&text=Numerous%20studies%20cited%20by%20WPATH,of%20suicidal%20thoughts%20and%20ideas.

  12. “What to know about puberty blockers,” CNN

    1. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/15/health/puberty-blockers-explained-nhs-wellness/index.html

  13. “Puberty blockers: what you should know,” Cedars-Sinai

    1. https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/puberty-blockers-for-precocious-puberty.html#:~:text=While%20puberty%20blockers%20have%20been,past%20the%20age%20of%20puberty.

  14. “Preserving your fertility,” OHSU

    1. https://www.ohsu.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/Gender-Clinic-Fertility-Preservation-Handout.pdf

  15. “Dispelling myths around puberty blockers,” Science for Georgia

    1. https://scienceforgeorgia.org/knowledge-base1/dispelling-myths-around-puberty-blockers/

  16. “Impact of gender-affirming treatment on bone health in transgender and gender diverse youth,” Endocrine Connections

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578106/

  17. “About puberty blockers,” OHSU

    1. https://www.ohsu.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/Gender-Clinic-Puberty-Blockers-Handout.pdf

  1. “Considering hormone therapy,” Trans Care BC

    1. https://www.transcarebc.ca/hormone-therapy/considering

  2. “Masculinizing hormone therapy,” Mayo Clinic

    1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/masculinizing-hormone-therapy/about/pac-20385099

  3. “Feminizing hormone therapy,” Mayo Clinic

    1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/feminizing-hormone-therapy/about/pac-20385096

  4. “Gender dysphoria,” Mayo Clinic

    1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gender-dysphoria/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20475262

  5. “Hormone therapy for transgender patients,” Translational Andrology and Urology

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5182227/

  6. “Pierre Poilievre says minors should not have access to puberty blockers,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/poilievre-transgender-puberty-blockers-1.7107486

  7. “What it’s like to fight for health care as a trans teen,” CBC

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/1.6969917

  8. “How gender-affirming health care for kids works in Canada,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/gender-affirming-care-youth-1.7021529

  9. “How to start,” Trans Care BC

    1. https://www.transcarebc.ca/hormone-therapy/how-to-start

  10. “Trans teens and youth say gender-affirming care is ‘life-changing.’ So why is it so hard to find in Canada?,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/gender-affirming-care-canada-1.6967503

  11. “What you need need to know about gender-affirming care for youth,” Xtra

    1. https://xtramagazine.com/health/youth-gender-affirming-care-explainer-264359

  12. “Long waits for gender-affirming care ‘huge challenge,’” CBC

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/1.6949029

  13. “Mental health benefits of gender-affirming hormones for teens persist for two years in new study,” STAT News

    1. https://www.statnews.com/2023/01/18/mental-health-benefits-of-gender-affirming-hormones-for-teens-persist-two-years/

  14. “Better mental health found among transgender people who started hormones as teens,” Stanford Medicine

    1. https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/01/mental-health-hormone-treatment-transgender-people.html#:~:text=Gender%2Daffirming%20hormone%20treatment%20with,that%20matches%20their%20gender%20identity.

  15. “What’s the difference between puberty blockers and HRT for trans teens?,” Planned Parenthood

    1. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-the-difference-between-puberty-blockers-and-hrt-for-trans-teens#:~:text=In%20transfeminine%20teens%2C%20HRT%20involves,towards%20the%20hips%20and%20breasts.

  1. “Gender affirming care Services in Canada by province/territory,” CBRC

    1. https://www.cbrc.net/gender_affirming_care_services_in_canada_by_province_territory#:~:text=Doctors%20and%20Nurse%20Practitioners%20can,at%20Gender%20Affirming%20Care%20PEI.

  2. “Gender affirming surgery,” Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons

    1. https://plasticsurgery.ca/procedures/gender-affirming-surgery/

  3. “Gender affirmation surgery,” Cleveland Clinic

    1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/gender-affirmation-surgery

  4. “Trans-feminine (male to female) surgeries,” Mount Sinai

    1. https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/center-transgender-medicine-surgery/care/surgery/male-to-female

  5. “Trans-masculine (female to male) surgeries,” Mount Sinai

    1. https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/center-transgender-medicine-surgery/care/surgery/female-to-male

  6. “Trans care debate influenced by misinformation, doctors say,” Roll Call

    1. https://rollcall.com/2024/08/15/trans-care-debate-influenced-by-misinformation-doctors-say/

  7. “J.K. Rowling and the echo chamber of TERFs,” Slate

    1. https://slate.com/human-interest/2020/06/jk-rowling-trans-men-terf.html

  8. “A complete breakdown of the J.K. Rowling rransgender-comments controversy,” Glamour

    1. https://www.glamour.com/story/a-complete-breakdown-of-the-jk-rowling-transgender-comments-controversy

  9. “Efforts to restrict transgender health care endure in 2024, with more adults targeted,” AP News

    1. https://apnews.com/article/transgender-health-care-republican-legislatures-5d98832c0234de079263672c738e0631

  10. Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People, WPATH

    1. https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Documents/SOC%20v7/SOC%20V7_English.pdf

  11. “England is limiting gender transitions for youths. U.S. legislators are watching,” AP News

    1. https://apnews.com/article/transgender-puberty-blockers-england-uk-5ed81979363470028053423c0a2fa263

  12. “Frequently asked questions,” GRS Montreal

    1. https://www.grsmontreal.com/en/frequently-asked-questions.html#:~:text=According%20to%20WPATH's%20Standards,the%20torso%20surgery%20(mastectomy).

  13. “Here’s how many surgeries Alberta did on trans minors in 2022–23,” National Post

    1. https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/alberta-recorded-eight-transgender-surgeries-minors-2022-23#:~:text=Last%20week%2C%20Premier%20Danielle%20Smith,banned%20for%20youth%20under%2018.

  14. “How Alberta’s proposed trans youth rules fit into a polarized international landscape,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-trans-youth-rules-international-landscape-1.7135324

  1. “Arguments that trans athletes have an unfair advantage lack evidence to support,” NPR

    1. https://www.npr.org/2023/04/09/1168858094/arguments-that-trans-athletes-have-an-unfair-advantage-lacks-evidence-to-support

  2. “House approves trans athlete ban for girls and women’s teams,” AP News

    1. https://apnews.com/article/congress-transgender-women-sports-ban-athletes-1c58c20cac2b191e323e4376d7949a2d

  3. “NAIA all but bans transgender athletes from women’s sports,” NPR

    1. https://www.npr.org/2024/04/08/1243548261/naia-transgender-athlete-sports-ban

  4. “Sex matters: Why transgender athletes must not compete against biological females,” Swimming World

    1. https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/sex-matters-why-transgender-athletes-must-not-compete-against-biological-females/

  5. “Literature review does not support bans on transgender women athletes,” Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sports

    1. https://cces.ca/news/literature-review-does-not-support-bans-transgender-women-athletes

  6. Transgender Women Athletes and Elite Sport: A Scientific Review, E-Alliance

    1. https://cces.ca/sites/default/files/content/docs/2024-01/transgender-women-athletes-and-elitesport-a-scientific-review-en.pdf

  7. “ACSM releases expert consensus Statement: The biological basis of sex differences in athletic performance,” ACSM

    1. https://www.acsm.org/news-detail/2023/09/29/acsm-releases-expert-consensus-statement-the-biological-basis-of-sex-differences-in-athletic-performance#:~:text=Biological%20sex%20is%20a%20determinant,in%20athletic%20performance%20are%20minimal.

  8. Imane Khelif, Instagram

    1. https://www.instagram.com/imane_khelif_10/?hl=en

  9. “Danielle Smith cites proven false video in defending trans women sports policy,” Xtra

    1. https://xtramagazine.com/video/danielle-smith-cites-proven-false-video-in-defending-trans-women-sports-policy-262768

  10. “Rowling, Musk named in French probe on boxer Imane Khelif’s ‘cyberbullying,’” Al Jazeera

    1. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/14/rowling-musk-named-in-french-probe-on-boxer-imane-khelifs-cyberbullying

  11. Premier Danielle Smith, Government of Alberta

    1. https://www.alberta.ca/premier

  12. “Circulating testosterone as the hormonal basis of sex Differences in athletic performance,” Endocrine Reviews

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6391653/

  13. “Do naturally high testosterone levels equal stronger female athletic performance? Not necessarily,” The Conversation

    1. https://theconversation.com/do-naturally-high-testosterone-levels-equal-stronger-female-athletic-performance-not-necessarily-160009

  14. “Which sports will allow trans athletes at the Paris Olympics?,” Context

    1. https://www.context.news/socioeconomic-inclusion/which-sports-will-allow-trans-athletes-at-the-paris-olympics

  15. “Restrictions on transgender athletes at Paris 2024,” Inside the Games

    1. https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1143198/restrictions-transgender-paris2024-games

  16. “The complicated truth about testosterone’s effect on athletic performance,” Popular Science

    1. https://www.popsci.com/story/science/testosterone-effect-athletic-performance/

  17. “Testosterone and how it effects athletic performance,” SixStar

    1. https://www.sixstarpro.com/blogs/articles/testosterone-and-how-it-effects-athletic-performance

  18. “Effects of moderately increased testosterone concentration on physical performance in young women: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study,” British Journal of Sports Medicine

    1. https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/54/10/599

  19. “Transgender kids in california earn right to choose bathrooms and sports Teams,” Slate

    1. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2013/07/transgender-youth-california-becomes-first-state-to-mandate-equal-access-to-bathrooms-and-sports-teams-by-law.html

  20. “California law lets transgender students pick bathrooms, teams to join,” CNN

    1. https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/13/us/california-transgender-school-law/index.html

  21. “Fair Play,” Centre for American Progress

    1. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/fair-play/

  22. “Trans student athletes now able to play university sports,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/varsity-sports-transgender-rules-1.4845864

  23. “U SPORTS approves policy for transgender student-athletes,” University of Waterloo Athletics

    1. https://athletics.uwaterloo.ca/news/2018/9/27/general-u-sports-approves-policy-for-transgender-student-athletes.aspx#:~:text=across%20the%20country.-,Effective%20immediately%2C%20U%20SPORTS%20student%2Dathletes%20will%20be%20eligible%20to,the%20Canadian%20Anti%2DDoping%20Program.

  24. Camryn Rogers, Team Canada

    1. https://olympic.ca/team-canada/camryn-rogers/

  25. Summer McIntosh, Team Canada

    1. https://olympic.ca/team-canada/summer-mcintosh/

  26. “As March Madness rolls on, so will the myths of Black athletic superiority,” The Guardian

    1. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/mar/29/black-athletes-genetically-superior-myth-sports

  27. “The myth of racial superiority in sports, Western Michigan University,” Hilltop Review

    1. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=hilltopreview

  28. “Parents, wealth, race drive girls’ chances to play sports: Study suggests high schools house multiple social inequities,” ScienceDaily

    1. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/02/240229124711.htm#:~:text=Co%2Dauthor%20James%20Tompsett%2C%20a,families%20and%20attended%20wealthier%20schools.

  29. “Want to play college sports? A wealthy family helps,” Ohio State News

    1. https://news.osu.edu/want-to-play-college-sports-a-wealthy-family-helps/

  30. “The making of a college athlete: high school experiences, socioeconomic advantages, and the likelihood of playing college sports,” Sociology of Sport Journal 

    1. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ssj/39/2/article-p129.xml 

  1. “Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria,” Plos One

    1. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0202330#sec027

  2. “We are the parents of ROGD kids,” Parents of ROGD Kids

    1. https://www.parentsofrogdkids.com/

  3. “What is rapid onset gender dysphoria?,” Psychology Today

    1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/talking-apes/202304/what-is-rapid-onset-gender-dysphoria

  4. “New study undercuts the rapid onset gender dysphoria hypothesis,” Fenway Health

    1. https://fenwayhealth.org/new-study-undercuts-the-rapid-onset-gender-dysphoria-hypothesis/

  5. “Age of realization and disclosure of gender identity among transgender adults,” ScienceDirect

    1. https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.lib.torontomu.ca/science/article/pii/S1054139X23000708

  6. “Florida bans Medicaid from covering gender-affirming treatments,” Politico

    1. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/11/florida-finalizes-ban-medicaid-transgender-treatments-00051259

  7. “Understanding ‘social contagion theory’ and what it means for trans kids,” Xtra

    1. https://xtramagazine.com/health/trans-health/social-contagion-theory-explained-263013

  8. “How the idea of a ‘transgender contagion’ went viral—and caused untold harm,” MIT Technology Review

    1. https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/08/18/1057135/transgender-contagion-gender-dysphoria/

  9. “Transgender people have always existed,” ACLU Ohio

    1. https://www.acluohio.org/en/news/transgender-people-have-always-existed

  10. “Seven things about transgender people that you didn’t know,” Human Rights Campaign

    1. https://www.hrc.org/resources/seven-things-about-transgender-people-that-you-didnt-know

  11. “Why is every celeb doing the ‘Apple' Dance’—and why can’t we stop watching them?,” People

    1. https://people.com/why-is-every-celeb-doing-the-apple-dance-charli-xcx-8681793

  12. “How big pants came back: understanding the fashion trend cycle,” NPR

    1. https://www.npr.org/2024/03/29/1241726852/how-big-pants-came-back-understanding-the-fashion-trend-cycle

  13. “The Stanley water bottle craze, explained,” Vox

    1. https://www.vox.com/culture/24031385/stanley-craze-tumbler-best-water-bottle

  14. “‘Emergency, paging Dr. Beat’: where the inescapable TikTok sound actually comes from,” The Tab

    1. https://thetab.com/uk/2024/07/25/emergency-paging-dr-beat-where-the-inescapable-tiktok-sound-actually-comes-from-376648

  15. “What does rizz mean, and do you have it? The Gen Z term storming TikTok,” The Standard

    1. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/rizz-gen-z-slang-term-tiktok-social-media-b1052480.html 

  1. “Saskatchewan’s sex education policies harm genderqueer youth like me,” Sask Dispatch

    1. https://saskdispatch.com/articles/view/saskatchewans-sex-education-policies-harm-genderqueer-youth-like-me#:~:text=Introduced%20by%20the%20Saskatchewan%20government,their%20preferred%20name%20or%20pronouns.

  2. “Sask. government will let parents opt their children out of sex-ed,” CTV News

    1. https://regina.ctvnews.ca/sask-government-will-let-parents-opt-their-children-out-of-sex-ed-1.6529413

  3. “People have been protesting for and against it. So what exactly is SOGI?,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/what-is-sogi-1.6975304

  4. “Why people protested LGBTQ+ education in schools,” CBC Kids

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/kidsnews/post/thousands-across-canada-rally-for-and-against-lgbtq-rights-and-pronoun-policies

  5. “Advancing comprehensive sexuality education: strategies for effective implementation,” CanWaCH

    1. https://canwach.ca/article/advancing-comprehensive-sexuality-education-strategies-for-effective-implementation/#:~:text=There%20can%20be%20a%20lot,or%20causes%20'gender%20confusion'.

  6. False Pretenses: The Anti-Comprehensive Sexuality Education Agenda Weaponizing Human Rights, Ipas

    1. https://www.ipas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/False-Pretenses-The-Anti-Comprehensive-Sexuality-Education-Agenda-Weaponizing-Human-Rights-OPPCSEE23b.pdf

  7. Comprehensive Sexuality Education, United Nations Independent Expert on Protection Against Violence and Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity—IESOGI

    1. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/Summary-Comprehensive-Sexuality-Education.pdf

  8. “Comprehensive sexuality education: For healthy, informed and empowered learners,” UNESCO

    1. https://www.unesco.org/en/health-education/cse#:~:text=UNESCO%20believes%20that%20with%20CSE,their%20bodies%2C%20relationships%20and%20values.

  9. Comprehensive Sexuality Education, American College of Gynecologists

    1. https://www.acog.org/advocacy/policy-priorities/adolescent-health/comprehensive-sexuality-education

  10. “Indoctrination? Information? What are your children actually being taught about sex in school?,” Toronto Star

    1. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/indoctrination-information-what-are-your-children-actually-being-taught-about-sex-in-school/article_6d8c13d3-9ed0-5575-b7aa-6f39870c99a4.html

  11. Human Development and Sexual Health Education by Grade, Government of Ontario

    1. https://www.ontario.ca/document/health-and-physical-education-grades-1-8/human-development-and-sexual-health-education-grade

  12. “CSE exposed,” Stop CSE

    1. https://www.comprehensivesexualityeducation.org/cse-materials-index/

  13. “What you need to know about the ‘Parental Rights’ protests,” The Council of Canadians

    1. https://canadians.org/analysis/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-parental-rights-protests/

  14. “Cross-country rallies against ‘gender ideology’ in schools meet with counter-protests,” CTV News

    1. https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/cross-country-rallies-against-gender-ideology-in-schools-meet-with-counter-protests-1.6569373

  15. “Blueprint for Canada pro-parental rights K-12 ‘anti-woke’ education platform,” Blueprint for Canada

    1. https://blueprintforcanada.ca/

  1. “Prevalence of gender-diverse youth in an urban school district,” Pediatrics

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8168604/

  2. “Gender identity development in adolescence,” Hormones and Behavior

    1. https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.lib.torontomu.ca/science/article/pii/S0018506X13000676

  3. “Children and gender identity: Supporting your child,” Mayo Clinic

    1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/children-and-gender-identity/art-20266811#:~:text=Most%20children%20between%20ages%2018,time%20they%20reach%20age%203.

  4. “Gender Identity,” Caring for Kids

    1. https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/behavior-and-development/gender-identity#:~:text=Most%20children%20will%20continue%20to,like%20peers%2C%20family%20and%20friends.

  5. “Tomboy or transgender? Tips on gender for today’s parents,” Sutter Health

    1. https://vitals.sutterhealth.org/tomboy-or-transgender-tips-on-gender-for-todays-parent/#:~:text=%E2%80%9COr%20a%20cisgender%20women%20may,day%20or%20age%20to%20age.

  6. “How to know if your child is transgender, according to an expert,” Vox

    1. https://www.vox.com/2016/6/6/11853060/transgender-children-parents

  7. “Transgender children & youth: understanding the basics,” Human Rights Campaign

    1. https://www.hrc.org/resources/transgender-children-and-youth-understanding-the-basics

  8. “It’s never too late to transition,” Healthline

    1. https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender-transition#1

  9. “Tips for transitioning later in life,” UPMC HealthBeat

    1. https://share.upmc.com/2022/04/transitioning-later-in-life/

  10. “Benefits of early social transition in transgender minors. Family perspectives: qualitative study,” Revista Española de Salud Pública

    1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36705053/#:~:text=There%20was%20a%20general%20improvement,family%20sphere%20of%20the%20minor.

  11. “The importance of child voice in trans health research: a critical review of research on social transition and well-being in trans children,” International Journal of Transgender Health

    1. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26895269.2023.2295381#abstract

  12. “What you need to know about gender-neutral parenting,” The Bump

    1. https://www.thebump.com/a/gender-neutral-parenting

  13. “The parents raising their children without gender,” BBC

    1. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20220929-the-parents-raising-their-children-without-gender

  14. “Our gender obsession is not serving us well. Are we ready for gender-creative parenting?,” The Guardian

    1. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/18/our-gender-obsession-is-not-serving-us-well-are-we-ready-for-gender-creative-parenting

  15. “How American parents became obsessed with gender,” Vox

    1. https://www.vox.com/first-person/22569143/parents-gender-ultrasound-sonogram

  16. “Danielle Smith bids to transcend politics with Canada’s toughest trans youth rules,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/trans-youth-restrictions-canadas-toughest-danielle-smith-politicized-analysis-1.7102590

  17. “How Canada’s Conservative Party is targeting trans youth,” Teen Vogue

    1. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/how-canadas-conservative-party-is-targeting-trans-youth

  18. “Do children grow out of gender dysphoria?,” Transgender Trend

    1. https://www.transgendertrend.com/children-change-minds/

  19. “Minors lack the autonomy to consent to gender-affirming care: best interests must be primary,” Hastings Center Report

    1. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hast.1600

  20. “Prohibiting gender-affirming medical care for youth,” Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law

    1. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/bans-trans-youth-health-care/

  21. “10 of the most over-the-top gender reveal stunts of 2018,” Business Insider

    1. https://www.businessinsider.com/most-ridiculous-gender-reveals-2018-12

  22. “15 gender reveal cakes to share your sweet news,” Happiest Baby

    1. https://www.happiestbaby.com/blogs/pregnancy/gender-reveal-cakes

  23. “The end of the desistance myth,” HuffPost

    1. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-end-of-the-desistance_b_8903690

  24. “When kids come in saying they are transgender (or no gender), these doctors try to help,” Washington Post

    1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/when-kids-come-in-saying-they-are-transgender-or-no-gender-these-doctors-try-to-help/2018/01/19/f635e5fa-dac0-11e7-a841-2066faf731ef_story.html

  1. “Ellie and Nele: From she to he—and back to she again,” BBC

    1. https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-51806011

  2. “Detransition is gender liberation, too,” Devon Price, Substack

    1. https://drdevonprice.substack.com/p/detransition-is-gender-liberation?utm_source=profile&utm_medium=reader2

  3. “Detransition facts and statistics: challenging the myths around detransitioners,” Gender GP

    1. https://www.gendergp.com/detransition-facts/

  4. “Regret rates and long-term mental health,” The Homoarchy

    1. https://thehomoarchy.com/trans-youth-regret-mental-health

  5. “Decision regret in plastic surgery: a summary,” Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299769/

  6. “Do you regret having cosmetic surgery?,” Medical Accident Group

    1. https://www.medicalaccidentgroup.co.uk/news/do-you-regret-having-cosmetic-surgery/

  7. “What to do if you aren’t happy with your surgical nose job result,” Cosmetic Connection

    1. https://cosmeticconnection.com.au/articles/what-to-do-if-you-arent-happy-with-your-surgical-nose-job-result/#:~:text=Is%20it%20normal%20to%20regret,as%20people%20with%20minor%20concerns.

  8. “Long-term regret and satisfaction with decision following gender-affirming mastectomy,” JAMA Surgery

    1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37556147/

  9. “Regret after gender-affirmation surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence,” Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8099405/

  10. “Few women regret breast surgery choice, new survey finds,” MedScape

    1. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/964824?form=fpf

  11. “ASO visual abstract: decision regret about breast cancer surgery—the WhySurg Study: patients undergoing bilateral mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery found to have lowest levels of regret,” Annals of Surgical Oncology

    1. https://link-springer-com.ezproxy.lib.torontomu.ca/content/pdf/10.1245/s10434-021-10591-0

  12. “‘I literally lost organs:’ why detransitioned teens regret changing genders,” New York Post

    1. https://nypost.com/2022/06/18/detransitioned-teens-explain-why-they-regret-changing-genders/

  13. “As kids, they thought they were trans. They no longer do.,” New York Times

    1. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/02/opinion/transgender-children-gender-dysphoria.html

  14. “Why can’t people stop fixating on ‘transition regret’?,” Xtra

    1. https://xtramagazine.com/health/detransition-regret-debate-265730

  15. “It’s okay to let your transgender kid transition—even if they might change their mind in the future,” Vox

    1. https://www.vox.com/2018/10/22/18009020/transgender-children-teens-transition-detransition-puberty-blocking-medication

  16. “Surgical satisfaction, quality of life, and their association after gender-affirming surgery: a follow-up study,” Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy

    1. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0092623X.2017.1326190#abstract

  17. “What is retransition or detransition?,” Very Well Health

    1. https://www.verywellhealth.com/detransition-or-retransition-5093126

  18. “Detransition needs further understanding, not controversy,” The BMJ

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10265220/

  19. “Health care experiences of patients discontinuing or reversing prior gender-affirming treatments,” Jama Network Open

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9315415/#:~:text=Medical%20detransition%20involves%20ceasing%20or,or%20surgical%20reconstruction%20or%20reversal.&text=After%20medical%20detransition%2C%20individuals%20may,eg%2C%20female%20or%20male).

  20. “Detransition or retransition support,” Gender Minorities

    1. https://genderminorities.com/2021/03/28/detransition-support/

  21. “Medical and non-medical options for gender affirmation,” HealthLink BC 

    1. https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/medical-and-non-medical-options-gender-affirmation 

  22. “Navigating trans and gender-diverse health care,” Nova Scotia Health

    1. https://library.nshealth.ca/TransGenderDiverse/SocialTransition#:~:text=Trans%20Care%20BC

  23. “What does ‘social transition’ mean?,” Rainbow Health Ontario

    1. https://www.rainbowhealthontario.ca/trans-health-knowledge-base/what-does-social-transition-mean/

  24. “Gender identity 5 years after social transition,” Pediatrics

    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9936352/#:~:text=We%20found%20that%20an%20average,to%20their%20binary%20transgender%20identity.

  25. “Benefits of early social transition in transgender minors. Family perspectives: qualitative study,” Revista Española de Salud Pública

    1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36705053/

  26. “Affirming gender in elementary school: social transitioning,” Welcoming Schools

    1. https://welcomingschools.org/resources/affirming-gender-in-elementary-school-social-transitioning

  27. “Transition Roadmap,” UCSF Transgender Care

    1. https://transcare.ucsf.edu/transition-roadmap

  28. “Danielle Smith unveils sweeping changes to Alberta's student gender identity, sports and surgery policies,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/danielle-smith-unveils-sweeping-changes-to-alberta-s-student-gender-identity-sports-and-surgery-policies-1.7101053

  29. “How the parental rights movement resurged in response to trans inclusivity in classrooms,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/parental-rights-movement-us-canada-1.6796070

  30. “Where did the term ‘parental rights’ come from?,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/parental-rights-movement-in-canada-1.6976230

  31. “Debate over pronouns pits parental rights against the rights of children, experts say,” CTV News

    1. https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/debate-over-pronouns-pits-parental-rights-against-the-rights-of-children-experts-say-1.6565142

  32. “Alberta teachers, school groups say they weren’t consulted on parental rights policy,” Global News

    1. https://globalnews.ca/news/10257696/alberta-teachers-schools-parental-rights-policy/

  33. “Parental rights win with new Alberta policy,” The Catholic Registrar

    1. https://www.catholicregister.org/item/36419-parental-rights-win-with-new-alberta-policy

  34. “New Brunswick refuses to back down on parent’s rights policy,” True North

    1. https://tnc.news/2023/08/25/new-brunswick-parents-rights-policy/

  35. “Law unclear on question of parental rights under Policy 713,” says law professor, CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/policy-713-nb-parents-rights-law-1.6851774

  36. “Sask. government passes Parents’ Bill of Rights,” CBC News

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/sask-parental-rights-law-1.7002088

  37. “‘Parents’ Bill of Rights’ passed and enshrined in legislation,” Government of Saskatchewan

    1. https://www.saskatchewan.ca/government/news-and-media/2023/october/20/parents-bill-of-rights-passed-and-enshrined-in-legislation#:~:text=%22Parents%20and%20guardians%20have%20a,decision%20in%20their%20child's%20life.%22

  38. B. (R.) v. Children’s Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto, Supreme Court of Canada

    1. https://decisions.scc-csc.ca/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/1220/index.do

  39. “‘Debunking’ parents’ rights in the Canadian constitutional context, Canadian Bar Review

    1. https://www.canlii.org/en/commentary/doc/2008CanLIIDocs135#!fragment/zoupio-_Tocpdf_bk_1/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zhoBMAzZgI1TMAjAEoANMmylCEAIqJCuAJ7QA5KrERCYXAnmKV6zdt0gAynlIAhFQCUAogBl7ANQCCAOQDC9saTB80KTsIiJAA

  40. “What are puberty blockers and why is Alberta banning them for kids and teens?,” CBC Kids

    1. https://www.cbc.ca/kidsnews/post/what-are-puberty-blockers-and-why-is-alberta-banning-them-for-kids-and-teens

  41. “‘Parents must be fully involved’ in student’s decision to change pronouns, Ontario education minister says,” CTV News

    1. https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/parents-must-be-fully-involved-in-student-s-decision-to-change-pronouns-ontario-education-minister-says-1.6537959

  42. “The Infants Act, mature minor consent and immunization,” Healthlink BC

    1. https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/infants-act-mature-minor-consent-and-immunization#:~:text=A%20child%20who%20is%20assessed,considered%20capable%20to%20give%20consent.

  43. “Article 12,” The Convention on the Rights of the Child and Children’s Participatory Rights in Canada, Government of Canada

    1. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/other-autre/article12/p3a.html

  44. “Putting children’s interest first—federal-provincial-territorial consultations on custody and access and child support,” Government of Canada

    1. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/fl-lf/famil/cons/consdoc/cscam-paem.html#:~:text=The%20age%20of%20majority%20is,Scotia%2C%20Nunavut%2C%20and%20Yukon.

  45. “Provincial definitions of a minor,” Government of Canada

    1. https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/publications-manuals/operational-bulletins-manuals/refugee-protection/canada/processing-provincial-definitions-minor.html

  46. “Lawmakers in at least four states last year introduced bills that would prohibit people as old as 26 from receiving gender-affirming surgery or HRT,” Axios

    1. https://www.axios.com/2024/01/10/trans-care-adults-red-states

  47. “Map: Attacks on Gender Affirming Care by State,” Human Rights Campaign

    1. https://www.hrc.org/resources/attacks-on-gender-affirming-care-by-state-map

  48. “GOP lawmakers escalate fight against gender-affirming care with bills seeking to expand the scope of bans,” CNN

    1. https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/11/politics/gender-affirming-care-bans-transgender-rights/index.html

 
More From This Contributor

Hannah Mercanti is a queer and trans writer and freelance fact-checker based in Hamilton, Ontario. They are a recent graduate of Toronto Metropolitan University’s School of Journalism, with a focus on literature and queer communities.

More From This Contributor

Senior editor Mel Woods is an English-speaking Vancouver-based writer, editor and audio producer and a former associate editor with HuffPost Canada. A proud prairie queer and ranch dressing expert, their work has also appeared in Vice, Slate, the Tyee, the CBC, the Globe and Mail and the Walrus.

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